abstract：:Despite broad variability in study populations, methodologies for CMV detection, and analytic methods used, multiple studies have documented frequent CMV infection in non-immunocompromised adults with critical illness due to a variety of causes. Higher rates of CMV infection in studies of seropositive patients suggest...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Limaye AP,Boeckh M

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influenza A virus genome consists of eight segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNAs. Each viral RNA (vRNA) segment forms a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex together with NPs and a polymerase complex, which is a fundamental unit for transcription and replication of the viral genome. Although the exact structu...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Noda T,Kawaoka Y

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) or haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disease caused by a dysfunction of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. This T cell/NK cell dysregulation causes an aberrant cytokine release, resulting in proliferation/activation of histiocytes with subsequent haemophagocytosis. Histioc...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Maakaroun NR,Moanna A,Jacob JT,Albrecht H

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drugs based on amino acid sequence of Heptad Repeats of gp41 of HIV have been explored in search of anti-HIV drugs acting by inhibition of the gp41 6-helix formation and subsequent cellular infection. These are classified under a distinct discipline called HIV fusion inhibitors. Resistance to HIV fusion inhibitors and...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Qadir MI,Malik SA

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses are intracellular pathogens that have to usurp some of the cellular machineries to provide an optimal environment for their own replication. An increasing number of reports reveal that many viruses induce modifications of nuclear substructures including nucleoli, whether they replicate or not in the nucleus of...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Greco A

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The serine/threonine kinase expressed by human cytomegalovirus from gene UL97 phosphorylates the antiviral drug ganciclovir, but its biological function is the phosphorylation of its natural viral and cellular protein substrates which affect viral replication at many levels. The UL97 kinase null phenotype is therefore...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Prichard MN

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immense difficulty in primary control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection by adaptive immune responses has been a topic of exceptional importance. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) do play a central role in primary resolution of viremia, but their potency in vi...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Yamamoto H,Matano T

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amongst the 60 viral species reported to be associated with bats, 59 are RNA viruses, which are potentially important in the generation of emerging and re-emerging infections in humans. The prime examples of these are the lyssaviruses and Henipavirus. The transmission of Nipah, Hendra and perhaps SARS coronavirus and ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Wong S,Lau S,Woo P,Yuen KY

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well known that viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, must use their hosts' metabolic machinery in order to replicate their genomes and form infectious progeny virions. What is less well known are the details of how viruses make sure that once all the necessary proteins are made, that they assume the cor...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Byrd CM,Hruby DE

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleotide sequences from a total of 421 HEV isolates were retrieved from Genbank and analysed. Phylogenetically, HEV was classified into four major genotypes. Genotype 1 was more conserved and classified into five subtypes. The number of genotype 2 sequences was limited but can be classified into two subtypes. Genoty...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Lu L,Li C,Hagedorn CH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Members of the Herpesviridae family of viruses are classified into the alpha, beta and gamma subfamilies. The alpha subfamily is estimated to have diverged from the beta and gamma subfamilies 200-220 million years ago. The ancestors of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), two ubiquitous...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Mori I,Nishiyama Y

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The conventional diagnosis of dengue virus infections includes the detection of the virus in serum or tissue samples, both by isolation in culture or through detection of specific viral molecules (genome RNA or dengue antigens) and detection of specific anti-dengue antibodies (serology). Isolation of dengue virus prov...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Teles FR,Prazeres DM,Lima-Filho JL

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the CNS is in part protected from peripheral insults by the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, a number of human viruses gain access to the brain, replicate within this organ, or sustain latent infection. The efficacy of antiviral drugs towards the cerebral viral load is often limi...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Strazielle N,Ghersi-Egea JF

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adjuvants historically are considered to stimulate immune responses 'non-specifically'. Recently, a renewed understanding of the critical role of innate immunity in influencing the development of an adaptive immune response has led researchers to a better understanding of 'the adjuvant effect'. Although innate immune ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Fairweather D,Frisancho-Kiss S,Rose NR

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The success of vaccination against measles in developed countries has significantly reduced the incidence of measles-related morbidity and mortality. However, measles is still the leading cause of mortality in children from underdeveloped countries due to low vaccination coverage, high transmissibility of the measles ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Dhiman N,Jacobson RM,Poland GA

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccination is the current strategy for control and prevention of severe rotavirus infections, a major cause of acute, dehydrating diarrhoea in young children worldwide. Public health interventions aimed at improving water, food and sanitation are unlikely adequately to control the disease. The development of vaccines...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Fischer TK,Gentsch JR

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus (HSV) genomic DNA contains at least 74 distinct genes. A set of 40 genes, termed the 'core genes', is commonly found in all herpesviruses; their products include four capsid proteins, six DNA replication proteins, seven DNA packaging/cleavage proteins, four envelope glycoproteins, as well as sever...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Nishiyama Y

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Invasion of infectious agents through mucosal surfaces can be prevented by use of the common mucosal immune system (CMIS), which interconnects inductive tissues, including Peyer's patches (PPs) and nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue (NALT), and effector tissues of the intestinal and respiratory tracts. I...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Yuki Y,Kiyono H

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus with a 7.2 kb genome that is capped and polyadenylated. The virus is currently unclassified: the organisation of the genome resembles that of the Caliciviridae but sequence analyses suggest it is more closely related to the Togaviridae. Hepatitis E virus is an e...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Emerson SU,Purcell RH

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The advent of advanced cell culture and cytogenetics techniques in the 1950s opened a new avenue for research on the pathogenic interactions between animal viruses and their hosts. Studies of many viruses revealed their ability to nonspecifically induce cytogenetic damage to their host cell's chromosomes. However, onl...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Fortunato EA,Spector DH

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a wealth of data supporting the use of viral load measurements to monitor therapy. Indeed, clinical drug trial endpoints routinely include the proportion of patients with a plasma viral load reduction of greater than 0.5 log(10), or greater than 1 log(10). Since a higher viral load reflects increased amounts ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Pillay D

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TT virus (TTV) was found in 1997 from a hepatitis patient without virus markers. However, the real impact of TTV on liver diseases remains uncertain to date. Due to the lack of suitable cell systems to support the growth of TTV, the biology of TTV is still obscure. This review tries to summarise the current status of ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Hino S

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A series of antiviral compounds were examined for their activity against human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6), type 7 (HHV-7) and type 8 (HHV-8). They were selected either because they are already approved for clinical use in the treatment of herpesvirus infections (acyclovir, valaciclovir, penciclovir, famciclovir, ganci...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： De Clercq E,Naesens L,De Bolle L,Schols D,Zhang Y,Neyts J

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arenaviruses, such as Lassa fever, establish chronic infections in rodents, leading to incidental transmission to humans. Lassa fever is a clinically severe disease, yet the absence of second attacks implies life-long immunity. The aim of this review is to consider whether such immunity could be provided by vaccines. ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Fisher-Hoch SP,McCormick JB

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While outbreaks of foodborne disease remain an important public health concern, their aetiology is not identified in a majority of instances. In targeted studies, the application of newly developed molecular assays has demonstrated that a large proportion of these outbreaks may be caused by the "Norwalk-like viruses" ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Parashar UD,Monroe SS

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent isolation of West Nile virus from a bird in mid-winter in New York immediately raised, as one of a few explanations, the possibility of long-term persistence of arboviruses in vertebrate hosts. Although it was a highly popular topic for research many years ago, generally it has since been neglected and its ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Kuno G

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The common mucosal immune system (CMIS) consists of an integrated cross-communication pathway of lymphoid tissues made up of inductive and effector sites for host protection against pathogenic microorganisms. Major effector molecules of the CMIS include IgA antibodies and cytokines, chemokines and their corresponding ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Iijima H,Takahashi I,Kiyono H

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infections with the beta-herpesviruses human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) are ubiquitous in childhood. The immunosuppression secondary to organ or bone marrow transplantation together with posttransplantation management may favour viral replication and reactivation. HHV-6 and -7 induce immunos...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Dockrell DH,Paya CV

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are currently available for treatment of HIV-1 as part of combination antiretroviral therapy. Oral dosing is administered three times daily for delavirdine (DLV), twice daily for nevirapine (NVP), and once daily for efavirenz (EFV). Rash is a common side e...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Harris M,Montaner JS

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human herpesvirus 7, reported in 1990 is a lymphotropic member of the betaherpesvirus subfamily of herpesviruses. The virus is highly seroprevalent, primary infection usually occurs during childhood, and it has been associated with cases of exanthem subitum, pityriasis rosea, neurological manifestations and transplant...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Black JB,Pellett PE

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the same way as other viral functions, the transcription of viral genes is frequently controlled by cellular regulatory proteins either acting alone or together with virally encoded factors. In this review, I discuss three examples of such regulation in different types of DNA viruses by different members of the POU...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Latchman DS

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses are efficient carriers of genetic material between cells. They specifically recognise a target cell and utilise host functions for genome delivery to the replication site. A mature viral capsid emerging from an infected cell serves at least three distinct functions. It enables virus egress from the infected ce...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Greber UF

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The SCID-hu Thy/Liv mouse is a model for the analysis of human thymopoiesis. It has been constructed by engrafting fragments of human fetal liver and thymus into the immunodeficient C.B-17 scid/scid (SCID) mouse. The resulting 'Thy/Liv' organ promotes long-term differentiation of human T cells. Given the apparently no...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Su L

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00